Removing a named handle does not free a network namespace while a process still holds it.

Network namespaces isolate networking; their names do not own every process

A Linux network namespace separates networking resources such as interfaces, routes, neighbor tables, socket ports, and packet-filter rules. It shares the kernel with other namespaces; it is not a separate operating system. A process normally inherits its parent’s network namespace, and tools can execute a process in another one. The resulting isolation covers networking resources, not every aspect of process identity or filesystem access. ...

February 19, 2028 · 6 min · XB Field Notes