A bulk sender grows its congestion window while an idle or application-limited sender need not double it.

TCP slow start grows with acknowledged data, not merely with elapsed time

Slow start grows a TCP sender’s congestion window while it learns how much outstanding data the path can support. With enough data and suitable acknowledgments, the classic behavior is approximately exponential growth across round trips. “Doubles every RTT” is a useful simplified pattern, not an unconditional timer rule. The window changes in response to transport feedback and the implementation’s growth conditions. ...

December 28, 2027 · 6 min · XB Field Notes