nginx can forward an unfinished response while buffering; finite storage determines how far it can run ahead.

Response buffering absorbs a speed difference within a resource budget

Response buffering lets nginx read from an upstream while delivering data to a client at another pace. With proxy_buffering on, nginx uses configured memory buffers and can write part of a large response to a temporary file. It need not collect the entire response before sending the first bytes. The available buffering determines how far the two connections can progress independently. ...

December 7, 2027 · 6 min · XB Field Notes